Thepa ea Phepelo ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase (EVSE) ke eng?
Tlas'a leqhubu la motlakase oa lipalangoang lefatšeng ka bophara le phetoho ea matla a matala, lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV (EVSE, Lisebelisoa tsa Phepelo ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase) e se e le setsi sa mantlha sa ho khothaletsa lipalangoang tse tsitsitseng, EVSE ha se feela poso ea tefo, empa ke sistimi e kopaneng e nang le mesebetsi e mengata e kang phetoho ea matla, ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso, taolo e bohlale, puisano ea data joalo-joalo. e kopanya phetoho ea matla, tšireletso ea tšireletso, taolo e bohlale, puisano ea data le mesebetsi e meng e mengata. E fana ka tšebelisano e sireletsehileng, e sebetsang hantle le e bohlale pakeng tsa likoloi tsa motlakase le marang-rang a matla, 'me ke sebaka sa bohlokoa sa marang-rang a bohlale a lipalangoang.
Ho latela tlaleho ea International Energy Agency (IEA) 2024, sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa ho romelloa ha EVSE Europe le United States se feta 30%, 'me bohlale le ho hokahanya li fetohile mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa indasteri. Lintlha tse tsoang Lefapheng la Matla la US li bonts'a hore palo ea liteishene tsa litefiso tsa sechaba Amerika Leboea e fetile 150,000, 'me linaha tse kholo tsa Europe le tsona li potlakisa moralo oa lisebelisoa tse bohlale.
Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase oa koloi ea motlakase
Sebopeho sa sebopeho sa EVSE se etsa qeto ka ho toba hore na se sireletsehile, ho tšepahala le boemo ba bohlale. Likarolo tse kholo li kenyelletsa:
1. khetla
Shell ke "thebe" ea EVSE, e atisang ho etsoa ka thepa e matla e thibelang kutu (e kang tšepe e sa hloekang, alloy ea aluminium, lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere), tse nang le metsi, lerōle, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso le litšobotsi tse ling. Boemo bo phahameng ba tšireletso (mohlala, IP54/IP65) bo netefatsa hore lisebelisoa li sebetsa ka botsitso nako e telele tikolohong e kantle le e feteletseng.
2. Main Board Potoloho
Potoloho e kholo ea boto ke "setsi sa methapo" sa EVSE, se ikarabellang bakeng sa phetolo ea matla, ts'ebetso ea matšoao le taolo ea ho tjhaja. E kopanya mojule oa matla, mojule oa tekanyo, li-circuits tsa tšireletso (mohlala, over-current, over-voltage, le short-circuit protection), le mojule oa puisano ho netefatsa hore mokhoa oa ho tjhaja o sebetsa hantle ebile o bolokehile.
3. Firmware
Firmware ke "tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso" ea EVSE, e kentsoeng ka har'a lebokose la li-motherboard 'me e ikarabella bakeng sa taolo e utloahalang ea sesebelisoa, ts'ebetsong ea li-protocol tsa ho tjhaja, ho hlahloba maemo le ho ntlafatsa hole. Firmware ea boleng bo holimo e ts'ehetsa maemo a fapaneng a machabeng (mohlala, OCPP, ISO 15118), e thusang katoloso e latelang ea mesebetsi le ntlafatso e bohlale.
4. Likou le Lithapo
Likou le likhoele ke "borokho" lipakeng tsa EVSE, EVs le marang-rang a matla. Likou le likhoele tsa boleng bo holimo li hloka ho tsamaisana hantle, li hana mocheso o phahameng, li hana ho apara, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa phetiso e sireletsehileng ea maqhubu a maholo ka nako e telele. Li-EVSE tse ling tsa maemo a holimo li boetse li na le li-cable retractors tse ikemetseng ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba basebelisi le bophelo ba lisebelisoa.
Lethathamo la Papiso: Hardware vs. Software Main Functions
| Boemo | Hardware (EVSE Sesebediswa) | Software (Sethala sa Tsamaiso le Litšebeletso) |
|---|---|---|
| Karolo e ka Sehloohong | Fana ka matla a sireletsehileng le a sebetsang hantle | Lumella taolo ea hole, litlhahlobo tsa data, le ho hlophisa lintho ka bohlale |
| Likarolo Tse Tloaelehileng | Mojule oa ho tjhaja, mojule oa tšireletso, sebopeho sa V2G | Taolo ea lisebelisoa, taolo ea matla, tefo, tlhahlobo ea data |
| Mekhoa ea Teknoloji | Matla a phahameng, modularization, tšireletso e matlafalitsoeng | Sethala sa leru, data e kholo, AI, liprothokholo tse bulehileng |
| Boleng ba Khoebo | Ho tšepahala ha sesebelisoa, ho lumellana, scalability | Phokotso ea litšenyehelo le katleho, tlhahiso ea mekhoa ea khoebo, boiphihlelo bo ntlafetseng ba basebelisi |
Khokahano ea marang-rang: motheo oa bohlale
EVSE ea sejoale-joale e na le bokhoni ba khokahano ea marang-rang, ka Ethernet,Wi-Fi, 4G/5Gle mekhoa e meng ea ho sebelisana ha data ka nako ea sebele le sethala sa maru le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso. Khokahano ea marang-rang e lumella EVSE ho ba letlhokomelo e hole, ho hlahloba phoso, lisebelisoa tsa ntlafatso, kemiso e bohlalele mesebetsi e meng. Networked EVSE ha e ntlafatse ts'ebetso ea O&M feela, empa hape e fana ka motheo oa tekheniki bakeng sa mefuta ea khoebo e tsamaisoang ke data (mohlala, litheko tse matla, tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea matla, tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro ba basebelisi).
Mofuta oa charger: mefuta e fapaneng ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng
EVSE e arotsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ho latela tlhahiso ea hajoale, lebelo la ho tjhaja le maemo a ts'ebeliso:
| Mofuta | Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong | Maemo a Tloaelehileng a Kopo |
|---|---|---|
| AC Charger | Liphetho tsa 220V/380V AC, matla ≤22kW | Lehae, Mehaho ea Liofisi, Litsi tsa Mabenkele |
| DC Fast Charger | Lisebelisoa tsa DC, matla a fihlang ho 350kW kapa ho feta | Litsela tse kholo, liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako tsa Urban |
| Chaja e se nang mohala | E sebelisa induction ea electromagnetic, ha ho hlokahale ho hokela kapa ho hula likhoele | Libaka tsa Bolulo tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa, Libaka tsa Lipalangoang tsa Bokamoso |
AC ho tjhaja:e loketseng ho paka nako e telele, ho tjhaja butle, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa lisebelisoa, tse loketseng lapeng le ofisi.
DC e tjhaja kapele:e loketse libaka tsa tlhokeho ea ho tjhaja ka potlako, lebelo la ho tjhaja ka potlako, tse loketseng libaka tsa sechaba le tsa litoropo.
Ho tjhaja ntle le waelese:thekenoloji e hlahang, e matlafatsang boiketlo ba basebelisi, bokhoni bo phahameng ba tsoelo-pele ea nako e tlang.
Tafole ea papiso: AC vs. DC charger
| Ntho | AC Charger | DC Fast Charger |
|---|---|---|
| Output Current | AC | DC |
| Matla Range | 3.5-22kW | 30-350kW |
| Lebelo la ho tjhaja | Butle | Ka potlako |
| Maemo a Kopo | Lehae, Mehaho ea Liofisi, Litsi tsa Mabenkele | Ho tjhaja ka Potlako ho Sechaba, Litsela tse kholo |
| Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kenya | Tlase | Phahameng |
| Likarolo tsa Smart | Mesebetsi ea Motheo ea Bohlale e tšehelitsoe | Advanced Smart le Remote Management Thehetsoe |
Maemakepe le Lithapo: Tiisetso ea Polokeho le Tšebelisano
Ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase (EVSE), likoung le lithapo ha se liphaephe feela tsa matla a motlakase-ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse netefatsang polokeho ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja le ho lumellana ha lisebelisoa. Linaha le libaka tse fapaneng li amohela litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa boema-kepe, ka mefuta e tloaelehileng ho kenyeletsoaMofuta oa 1 (SAE J1772, e sebelisoang haholo-holo Amerika Leboea),Mofuta oa 2(IEC 62196, e amohetsoeng haholo Europe), leGB/T(tekanyetso ea naha ea Chaena). Ho khetha maemo a loketseng a boema-kepe ho lumella EVSE hore e tsamaisane le mefuta e mengata ea likoloi, ka hona e ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba basebelisi le ho holisa phihlello ea 'maraka.
Lithapo tsa ho tjhaja tsa boleng bo holimo li tlameha ho ba le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso.
Taba ea pele, ho hanyetsa mocheso ho tiisa hore thapo e ka mamella ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea hona joale ntle le ho nyenyefatsa kapa ho senyeha.
Taba ea bobeli, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le ho hanyetsa ho kobeha ho lumella thapo hore e lule e tšoarella ebile e ka tšeptjoa esita le ka mor'a ho sebelisoa khafetsa le ho khoaela.
Ho feta moo, ho hanyetsa metsi le lerōle ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le maemo a thata a kantle, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea lisebelisoa haholo. Lihlahisoa tse ling tse tsoetseng pele tsa EVSE li na le theknoloji ea temoho e bohlale, e ka khethollang ka bo eona mofuta oa koloi e hokahaneng le ho fetola litekanyetso tsa ho tjhaja ka nepo.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, mesebetsi ea ho notlela ka boiketsetso e thusa ho thibela ho tsoa ka phoso kapa ka lonya, ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ireletso ea ho tjhaja le bokhoni ba ho thibela bosholu. Ho khetha likou le likhoele tse bolokehileng, tse tsamaellanang haholo, le tse bohlale ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho aha marang-rang a sebetsang hantle le a tšepahalang a ho tjhaja.
Mefuta ea likhokahanyo: maemo a lefats'e le mekhoa
Sehokelo ke sebopeho se tobileng sa 'mele pakeng tsa EVSE le koloi ea motlakase. Mefuta e ka sehloohong ke:
Mofuta oa 1 (SAE J1772): e tloaelehileng Amerika Leboea, bakeng sa ho tjhaja AC ea mokhahlelo o le mong.
Mofuta oa 2 (IEC 62196): E tloaelehileng Europe, e tšehetsang karolo e le 'ngoe le mekhahlelo e meraro ea AC.
CCS (Sistimi e Kopantsoeng ea ho tjhaja): e lumellana le AC le DC ho tjhaja ka potlako, e tloaelehileng Europe le United States.
CHAdeMO:Japan mainstream, e etselitsoe ho tjhaja DC kapele.
GB/T:Tekanyetso ea naha ea China, e koahelang ka bobeli AC le DC.
Mokhoa oa lefats'e o lebile ho tsamaellana le maemo a mangata le ho tjhaja matla a phahameng ka potlako. Ho khetha EVSE e lumellanang ho thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mmaraka le boiphihlelo ba basebelisi.
Tafole ea papiso: Litekanyetso tse kholo tsa sehokelo
| Standard | Sebaka se sebetsang | Mofuta oa Hona Joale o Tšehetsoeng | Matla Range | Mefuta e Lumellanang ea Likoloi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mofuta oa 1 | amerika e leboea | AC | ≤19.2kW | Moamerika, Majapane a mang |
| Mofuta oa 2 | Europe | AC | ≤43kW | Europe, Machaena a mang |
| CCS | Europe le Amerika Leboea | AC/DC | ≤350kW | Mefuta e mengata |
| CHAdeMO | Japane, Ba bang ba Europe & NA | DC | ≤62.5kW | Majapane, Makhooa a mang |
| GB/T | China | AC/DC | ≤250kW | Sechaena |
Likarolo tse Tloaelehileng tsa Li-charger: Bohlale, Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Lintlha, le Matlafatso ea Khoebo
Li-EVSE tsa sejoale-joale ha se feela "lisebelisoa tsa phepelo ea motlakase" empa li-terminals tse bohlale. Likarolo tsa bona tsa mantlha hangata li kenyelletsa:
•Tefiso e bohlale:E ts'ehetsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea litefiso (ka nako, ka matla a sebelisoang, litheko tse matla), ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea khoebo.
•Tlhokomelo ea Remote:Tlhokomelo ea nako ea 'nete ea boemo ba sesebelisoa, ka ts'ehetso ea tlhahlobo ea phoso e hole le tlhokomelo.
•Tlhakiso e Reriloeng:Basebelisi ba ka boloka nako ea ho tjhaja ka lits'ebetso kapa sethala, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa.
•Taolo ea Mojaro:E fetola matla a ho tjhaja ka tsela e iketsang ho latela boholo ba grid ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo.
•Pokello le Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha:E tlaleha lintlha tsa ho tjhaja, e ts'ehetsa lipalo-palo tsa tšebeliso ea matla, tlhahlobo ea khabone, le tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro ba basebelisi.
•Lintlafatso tsa Firmware ea Remoutu:E fana ka likarolo tse ncha le lipeche tsa ts'ireletso holim'a marang-rang ho boloka lisebelisoa li ntse li le teng.
•Taolo ea Basebelisi ba bangata:E ts'ehetsa li-account tse ngata le li-hierarchies tsa tumello, e etsa hore tsamaiso e bohareng e be bonolo ho bareki.
•Li-interface tsa Litšebeletso tse Ekelitsoeng Boleng:Joalo ka phano ea lipapatso, taolo ea litho, le ntlafatso ea matla.
Mekhoa ea Bokamoso
V2G (Teisano ea Koloi ho ea ho Gridi):Likoloi tsa motlakase li ka khutlisa marang-rang, li hlokomela phallo ea matla a litsela tse peli.
Ho tjhaja ntle le waelese:E ntlafatsa boiketlo mme e loketse maemo a phahameng a bolulo le a nakong e tlang a ikemetseng a ho khanna.
Automatic Parking Charging:Ha u kopana le ho khanna ka boithatelo, hlokomela phihlelo ea ho tjhaja ntle le motho.
Kopanyo ea Matla a Tala:Kopanya ka botebo le mehloli ea matla e ka nchafatsoang joalo ka matla a letsatsi le moea ho khothaletsa lipalangoang tsa khabone e tlase.
LBH
1.Sesebelisoa sa Phepelo ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase (EVSE) ke eng?
2.Likarolo tse kholo tsa EVSE ke life?
Li kenyelletsa sebaka se kentsoeng, boto e kholo ea potoloho, firmware, likou le likhoele. Karolo ka 'ngoe e ama boemo ba polokeho le bohlale ba lisebelisoa.
3.EVSE e finyella tsamaiso e bohlale joang?
Ka khokahanyo ea marang-rang, ho beha leihlo hole, tlhahlobo ea data, le tefiso e bohlale, EVSE e thusa taolo e sebetsang e sebetsang le e bohlale.
4.Ke litekanyetso life tse ka sehloohong tsa sehokelo sa EVSE?
Li kenyelletsa Mofuta oa 1, Mofuta oa 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, le GB/T. Litekanyetso tse fapaneng li loketse limmaraka tse fapaneng le mehlala ea likoloi.
5.Ke mekhoa efe e tlang ho indasteri ea EVSE?
Bohlale, tšebelisano-'moho, nts'etsopele ea botala le khabone e tlase, le mekhoa e mecha ea khoebo e tla fetoha ntho e tloaelehileng, ka theknoloji e ncha e kang V2G le ho tjhaja waelese ho tsoela pele ho hlaha.
Mehloli ea Taolo:
Tlaleho ea Meralo ea Motheo ea ho Tefisa Motlakase
European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA)
Lefapha la Lipalangoang la US EVSE Toolkit
Nako ea poso: Apr-22-2025