Ka kamohelo e potlakileng ea li-EV tsa lefats'e, tataiso ena e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tse rarahaneng, tse ntseng li tsoela peleEcosystem ea ho tjhaja Amerika Leboea. Re kopanya lintlha tsa hajoale tsa tekheniki le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa phepelo ea boenjiniere tse tsoang mekhatlong ea indasteri (SAE, CharIN), le mehloli ea data e nang le matla (DOE, NREL), re shebane le litokomane tse tloaelehileng tsa SAE J1772 le ISO 15118. Tlhahlobo e hlahloba ka hloko lintlha tsa tekheniki, meeli ea ho lumellana, le mekhoa ea nako e tlang, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka tlhahlobo ea Pele ka lense ea ho sebelisana ha protocol.
Tafole ea likateng
1. CCS Ho chaja ke eng?
CCS (Sistimi e Kopantsoeng ea ho tjhaja)ke mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho tjhaja EV o sebelisoang haholo Europe lepelemaemo a hlahelletseng a ho tjhaja ka potlako Amerika Leboya. E tšehetsa ka bobeliAC (Alternating Current)leDC (Hajoale ka ho toba)ho tjhaja ka sehokelo se le seng, ho fana ka maemo a bonolo ho basebelisi. Sehokelo sa CCS se kopanya lithakhisa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho tjhaja tsa AC (tse kang J1772 Amerika Leboea kapa Mofuta oa 2 Europe) le lithakhisa tse ling tse peli tsa DC, tse nolofalletsang ho tjhaja ha AC butle le ho tjhaja DC ka lebelo le phahameng ka boema-kepe bo le bong.
Melemo ea CCS:
• Ho tjhaja mesebetsi e mengata:E ts'ehetsa ka bobeli ho tjhaja AC le DC, ho loketse ho tjhaja lapeng le ho sechaba.
• Ho tjhaja kapele:Ho tjhaja ka potlako ha DC ho ka tjhaja betri ho fihla ho 80% ka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e 30, ho fokotsa haholo nako ya ho tjhaja.
• Ho Amohela ka Bophara:E amohetsoe ke baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo mme e kopantsoe le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea liteishene tse tjhajang sechaba.
Joalo ka maemo a tlamang ho European Union, CCS2 e ntse e le sehokelo se ka sehloohong sa DC se tjhajang ka potlako.Ho ea kaLintlha tsa European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) (Q4 2024), bongata bo boholo (hoo e ka bang85% ho isa ho 90%) ea libaka tsa ho lefisa sechaba li sebelisa likhokahano tsa Mofuta oa 2 (AC) kapa CCS (DC). [Mohloli oa ACEA]. Lintlha tse tsoang hoLefapha la Matla la US (DOE)e bonts'a hore CCS e ntse e le tekanyetso e kentsoeng bakeng sa likoloi tsa hajoale tsa likoloi tse seng tsa Tesla Amerika Leboea, leha e le nakong ea phetoho ea NACS [Mohloli oa DOE-AFDC].
2. Ke Likoloi life tse tšehetsang ho tjhaja CCS?
CCSe sala e lee tjhajang kapele maemo a ka sehloohonglefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo Europe. Amerika Leboea, boholo ba li-EV tse seng tsa Tesla (mefuta ea pele ho 2025) li tšehetsa CCS1, leha bahlahisi ba bangata ba phatlalalitse phetoho ea ho ea likoung tsa NACS ho qala ka 2025.
Likoloi tse tšehetsoeng li kenyelletsa:
•Volkswagen ID.4
• BMW i4 le iX series
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Likoloi tsena li tsamaisana le marang-rang a tjhajang ka lebelo le holimo, 'me li fana ka boiphihlelo bo bonolo bakeng sa maeto a malelele.
3. The North American Landscape Shift: CCS1 vs. SAE J3400 (NACS)
'Maraka oa Amerika Leboea hajoale o hlalosoa ke tlholisano lipakeng tsaCCS1(tekanyetso ea CCS ea lebatooa) leSistimi ea ho tjhaja Amerika Leboea (NACS), e lekantsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Baenjiniere ba Likoloi (SAE) e leSAE J3400.
Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka tlhahlobo e tebileng ea boemo ba hajoale ba ho tjhaja ha Amerika Leboea, se shebane le lintlha tsa tekheniki le.liqholotso tsa ho romelloa fatšeea CCS1, J1772, le maemo a holimo a SAE J3400 (NACS).Re kopanya lintlha tse tsoang ho basebetsi ba ka sehloohong ba marang-rang ba tjhafisang le litokomane tsa boenjiniere ba likoloiho bapisa mefuta ea ho tjhaja, ho lumellana ha 'mele, le mekhoa ea nako e telele.
| Sebopeho | CCS1 (Sistimi e Kopantsoeng ea ho tjhaja) | NACS / SAE J3400 (North American Charging System) |
|---|---|---|
| Moqapi oa Mohokahanyi | Sehokelo se seholo, se seholo se kopanyang lithakhisa tsa J1772 le lithapo tse peli tsa DC. | Moqapi o monyane, o bobebe, le oa ergonomic haholoanyane; phini e le 'ngoe bakeng sa AC/DC ka bobeli. |
| Sebaka se Laolang | Europe (joalo ka CCS2) le Amerika Leboea pele. | Amerika Leboea (e behiloe ho ba maemo a kamehla). |
| Maikutlo a Bokamoso | E tla lula e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likepe tse seng li le teng tsa EV tse seng tsa Tesla le ka li-adapter. | Li-automaker tse kholo li e sebelisa bakeng sa mefuta e mecha e qalang ka2025/2026. |
Tekanyetso ea sehokelo sa NACS joalo kaSAE J3400e fana ka 'mapa o hlakileng oa indasteri, o netefatsang ts'ebelisano' moho le setifikeiti sa polokeho bakeng sa ho amoheloa ha eona hohle Amerika Leboea.
4. J1772 Charging ke eng?
SAE J1772ke tekanyetsoAC (Alternating Current)sehokelo sa ho tjhaja Amerika Leboya, se sebedisetswang haholoMohato 1 (120V)leMohato 2 (240V)tjhaja. E thehiloe ke Mokhatlo oaBaenjiniere ba Likoloi (SAE),e lumellana le hoo e batlang e le li-EV tsohle le likoloi tsa motlakase tsa plug-in (PHEVs) tse rekisoang Amerika Leboea.
Likarolo tsa J1772
• Ho tjhaja AC Feela:E loketse ho tjhaja butle lapeng kapa mosebetsing.
• Tšebelisano e pharaletseng:E tšehetsoa ke hoo e batlang e le li-EV le li-PHEV tsohle Amerika Leboea.
• Tšebeliso ea Lehae le Sechaba:E sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tsa ho tjhaja lapeng le liteishene tsa sechaba tsa ho tjhaja AC.
Likhakanyo tsa indasteri li fana ka maikutlo a seoho feta 80-90%ea Level 2 ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lefella ntlo tse rekisoang Amerika Leboea li na le sehokelo sa J1772, se se tiisang e le tekanyo ea AC ea bokahohle. Ho phaella moo, tlaleho ea Electric Mobility Canada e totobatsa ho itšetleha ho pharaletseng ho J1772 ke beng ba Nissan Leaf le Chevrolet Bolt EV bakeng sa ho lefisa letsatsi le leng le le leng.
5. Ke Likoloi life tse tšehetsang ho tjhaja J1772?
BoholoEVslePHEVsAmerika Leboea ba hlomelloa kaLihokelo tsa J1772, e leng se etsang hore e be tekanyetso e lumellanang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho tjhaja ha Level 1 le Level 2.
Likoloi tse tšehetsoeng li kenyelletsa:
• Mefuta ea Tesla (e nang le adaptara)
• Lekhasi la Nissan
• Chevrolet Bolt EV
• Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Tšebelisano e pharaletseng ea J1772 e etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa tsa ho tjhaja Amerika Leboea.Joaloka maemo a lefats'e a Level 2 (AC), tsohle tseo e seng tsa Tesla EVs le PHEVs tse hlahisoang bakeng sa' maraka oa Amerika Leboea (pele ho phetoho ea NACS, mohlala, mefuta ea pele ho 2025/2026) e na le 71 port e sebetsang ea 70, e etsang hore 71 e sebetsane le port 10. bakeng sa ho tjhaja AC. Tšebeliso ea Tesla ea li-adapter tsa J1772 e lumella likoloi tsa eona ho tjhaja hoo e batlang e le liteishene tsohle tsa sechaba tsa AC. Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso tsa Electric Mobility Canada li bontša hore beng ba Nissan Leaf le Chevrolet Bolt EV ba ananela haholo ho lumellana le boiketlo ba tšebeliso ea J1772.
6. Liphapang tse ka Sehloohong Pakeng tsa CCS le J1772
Ha u khetha tekanyetso ea ho tjhaja, basebelisi ba lokela ho nahana ka eonalebelo la ho tjhaja,ho tsamaellana, le linyeoe tsa tšebeliso. Liphapang tse kholo ke tsena:
| Papiso | CCS (Sistimi e Kopantsoeng ea ho tjhaja) | J1772 (SAE J1772) |
| Mofuta oa ho tjhaja | E tšehetsa AC (Boemo ba 2) leDC (Level 3) ho tjhaja kapele | AC e tjhaja feela(Mohato oa 1 le oa 2) |
| Lebelo la ho tjhaja | DC e tjhaja ka potlako 50 kW ho isa ho 350 kW (tlasa metsotso e 30 ho isa ho 80%). | Level 2 e tjhaja ho fihla ho 19.2 kW (lihora tse 4-8 bakeng sa tefo e felletseng) |
| Moqapi oa Mohokahanyi | Sehokelo se seholo, se seholo se kopanyang lithakhisa tsa J1772 AC le lithakhisa tse peli tse inehetseng tsa DC. | Sehokelo sa ho tjhaja sa Compact AC bakeng sa Boemo ba 1/2 feela. |
| Puisano Protocol | ISO 15118 (Power Line Carrier - PLC)bakeng sa likarolo tse tsoetseng pele (mohlala, Plug le Charge) | SAE J1772 (Letšoao la Pilot)bakeng sa taolo ea motheo ea tefiso le ho kena-kenana ha polokeho. |
| Theko ea Hardware | (DCFC Unit): $10,000 ho isa ho $40,000 USD (bakeng sa yuniti ea 50–150 kW, ho sa kenyeletsoe boenjiniere ba sechaba) | Lihlopha tsa Lehae tsa Level 2: Ka tloaelo$300 - $1,000 USDbakeng sa yuniti ea hardware. |
| Sebelisa Maemo | Ho tjhafisa hae, maeto a sebaka se selelele, le ho tjhafisa setjhaba ka lebelo le phahameng. | Ho tjhaja butle lapeng kapa mosebetsing (ho paka bosiu/ho paka letsatsi le letsatsi). |
a. Lebelo la ho tjhaja:
CCS le NACS li tšehetsa ho tjhaja ka potlako ha DC, hangata ho tloha ho 50 kW ho ea350 kW(ho ipapisitse le seteishene le sebopeho sa koloi). J1772 e lekanyelitsoe ho tjhaja Level 2 AC, e nang le palo e phahameng ea tlhahiso e tloaelehileng ea19.2 kW.
b. Litšenyehelo le Mathata a ho Kena:Le hoja ho kenngoa ha J1772 (Boemo ba 2) ho bapisoa le ho hokahanya sesebelisoa se seholo ($300–$1,000 bakeng sa hardware), ho tsamaisoa ha sebaka sa DCFC (CCS/NACS) ho emela morero oa bohlokoa oa boenjiniere. Kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa projeke (> $100,000 USD) hangata e laoloa ke ntlafatso ea grid ea utility, litšenyehelo tsa transfoma, le tumello e khethehileng - lintlha tse fetang $10,000–$40,000 litšenyehelo tsa unit hardware.[Tlhahlobo ea Litšenyehelo tsa NREL].
c. Moqapi oa Mohokahanyi
CCS: E kopanya lithakhisa tsa J1772 AC tse nang le lisebelisoa tse peli tse eketsehileng tsa DC, e leng se etsang hore e be kholo ho feta sehokelo se tloaelehileng sa J1772 empa se lumella ho fetoha ha maemo ho feta.
J1772: Sehokelo se kopaneng haholoanyane se tšehetsang ho tjhaja ha AC feela.
d. Ho lumellana
CCS: E tsamaisana le li-EV tse etselitsoeng ho tjhaja AC le DC, haholo-holo li molemo bakeng sa maeto a malelele a hlokang ho emisa ho tjhaja kapele.
J1772: E lumellana hohle le li-EV le li-PHEV tsohle tsa Amerika Leboea bakeng sa ho tjhaja ka AC, tse sebelisoang haholo liteisheneng tsa ho tjhaja malapeng le lijajang tsa sechaba tsa AC.
e. Kopo
CCS: E loketse ho tjhaja ka bobeli lapeng le ho tjhaja ka lebelo le phahameng ha o ntse o tsamaea, e loketse li-EV tse hlokang likhetho tsa ho tjhaja kapele.
J1772: E loketse haholo bakeng sa ho tjhaja lapeng kapa mosebetsing, hantle bakeng sa ho tjhaja ka bosiu bo le bong kapa diseting moo lebelo e seng ntlha ya bohlokwa.
f. Tšebelisano ea Protocol: SAE J3400 le ISO 15118
Tekanyetso ea CCS e itšetlehile ka ISO 15118 (haholo-holo 15118-2/20 bakeng sa PLC holim'a Control Pilot line) ho nolofalletsa likarolo tse sireletsehileng tse kang Plug le Charge (P&C). Habohlokoa, tekanyetso ea SAE J3400 e hlalositsoe ka ho hlaka hore e lumellana ka motlakase le protocol ea ISO 15118 ka PLC. Sena se bolela hore likoloi tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa NACS li ka tšehetsa likarolo tsa P&C le V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid), ha feela sebaka sa morao-rao sa seteishene sa ho tjhaja le firmware li nchafalitsoe ho kenya ts'ebetsong ka botlalo ho ts'oarana ka matsoho ha protocol ea ISO 15118 bakeng sa sehokelo sa J3400. Tšebelisano-'moho ena ke senotlolo sa phetoho e se nang moeli.
[Tlhaloso ea Thuso e Bonahalang] Sheba Setšoantšo sa 1 bakeng sa J1772 vs. CCS1 Connector Pinouts
7. Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa
1.Na likoloi tsa J1772-feela (AC) li lefella seteisheneng sa CCS?
Che, eseng ka kotloloho bakeng sa ho tjhaja ka potlako ha DC. Ha halofo e ka holimo ea boema-kepe ba CCS e le boema-kepe ba J1772, liteishene tsa sechaba tsa DC tsa sechaba li fana feela ka sethunya se felletseng sa CCS (DC). Koloi e nang le J1772 feela ha e khone ho sebelisa lithapo tsa DC tse matla haholo.
2.Na lijaja tsa CCS li fumaneha hohle liteisheneng tsa sechaba?
Ee.Li-charger tsa CCS (CCS1/CCS2) li atile lefatšeng ka bophara. Amerika Leboea, marang-rang a pharaletse, 'me liteishene tse ngata li eketsa likhokahano tsa NACS haufi le CCS1 bakeng sa litšebelisano tsa nako e tlang.
3.Na likoloi tsa Tesla li tšehetsa CCS kapa J1772?
Likoloi tsa Tesla ka tlhaho li sebelisa sehokelo sa NACS. Ba ka lefisa liteishene tsa J1772 (AC) ba sebelisa adaptara, hape ba khona ho fihlella marang-rang a potlakileng a CCS DC ba sebelisa adaptara ea CCS e fanoeng ke moetsi.
4.Ke efe e potlakileng: CCS kapa J1772?
CCS le NACS (J3400) li potlakile haholo ho feta J1772.Sena ke hobane CCS le NACS li tšehetsa Level 3 DC ho tjhaja ka potlako, athe J1772 e lekanyelitsoe ho Level 1/2 AC ho tjhaja butle.
5.Matla a ho tjhaja a tjhaja ea J1772 ke afe?
Li-charger tsa J1772 hangata li tšehetsa Level 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) le Level 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW) ho tjhaja.
6.Matla a holimo a ho tjhaja a tjhaja ea CCS ke afe?
Li-charger tsa CCS hangata li tšehetsa maemo a matla ho tloha ho 50 kW ho isa ho 350 kW, ho latela seteishene sa ho tjhaja le koloi.
7.Ke litšenyehelo life tse tloaelehileng tsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa J1772 le CCS/NACS?
Li-unit tsa J1772 Level 2 hangata li bitsa $300 - $1,000 USD (ntle le lithapo tsa bolulo). Diyuniti tsa DCFC (CCS/NACS) (50–150 kW) hangata di bitsa $10,000 – $40,000+ USD (bakeng sa yuniti ya hardware feela). Tlhokomeliso: Litsenyehelo tsa DCFC kaofela li atisa ho feta $100,000.
8.Na CCS1 e tla felisoa Amerika Leboea?
CCS1 e nakong ea phetoho. Leha baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba itlamme boema-kepeng ba NACS ho qala ka 2025/2026, CCS1 e tla lula e le bohlokoa bakeng sa limilione tsa li-EV tse seng li le teng tsa Tesla ka lilemo. Marang-rang a tjhajang a leba liteisheneng tsa li-port (CCS1 + NACS).
Mekhoa ea 8.Kamoso le Litlhahiso tsa Basebelisi
Ha mmaraka oa EV o ntse o hola, sebaka sa ho tjhaja se ntse se arohanngoa ka ho hlaka ke sebaka le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso:
•Maemo a Lefatše: CCS2e ntse e le tekanyetso eo e seng ea Tesla ho pholletsa le Europe le limmaraka tse ling tse kholo tsa lefats'e.
•Amerika e leboea: SAE J3400 (NACS)e ntse e fetoha mokhoa o mocha oa ho tjhaja likoloi ka potlako, o tšehelitsoe ke hoo e batlang e le lik'hamphani tsohle tse kholo. CCS1 e tla lula e le bohlokoa nakong ea phetoho.
•Ho tjhaja Lapeng: SAE J1772(Boemo ba 2) e tla tsoelapele ho laola 'maraka o theko e tlase, o tjhajang butle oa lehae le oa mosebetsing ka lebaka la bokahohle le bonolo ba ona.
Bakeng sa bareki, khetho e itšetlehile ka sebaka. Europe, ho lumellana ha CCS2 hoa tlama. Amerika Leboea, ho khetha koloi e nang leNACS ea khale (J3400)ke eona tsela e molemohali ea ho paka letsete la hau nakong e tlang, athe beng ba hajoale bao e seng ba Tesla ba tlameha ho itšetleha ka tse tengCCS1marang-rang le li-adapter bakeng sa phihlello ea Supercharger. Tloaelo e lebisaliteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse peliho sebeletsa lihlopha tsa hajoale tsa CCS le tsa NACS tsa nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Oct-31-2024