Phetoho ea lefats'e ho ea likoloing tsa motlakase (EVs) e se e le matla haholo lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Ha mebuso e ntse e phehella litharollo tsa lipalangoang tse tala mme bareki ba ntse ba eketseha ho amohela likoloi tse sebetsang hantle ka tikoloho, tlhokahalo eali-charger tsa EV tsa khoeboe tsoetse pele. Ho kenyeletsoa ha lipalangoang ha e sa le mokhoa empa ke tlhokahalo, 'me likhoebo li na le monyetla o ikhethang oa ho kenya letsoho phetohong ena ka ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse tšepahalang tsa ho tjhaja.
Ka 2023, ho ne ho hakanngoa hore likoloi tsa motlakase tse fetang limilione tse 10 li ne li le litseleng lefatšeng ka bophara, 'me palo ena ho nahanoa hore e tla tsoela pele ho nyoloha haholo. Ho tšehetsa phetoho ena, katoloso ealiteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoeboe bohlokoa. Liteishene tsena ha li bohlokoa feela bakeng sa ho netefatsa hore beng ba EV ba ka lefisa likoloi tsa bona empa hape le bakeng sa ho theha marang-rang a matla, a fihlellehang, le a tsitsitseng a ho tjhaja a nolofaletsang ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase. Hore na e ho aseteishene sa ho tjhaja khoebosetsing sa mabenkele kapa mohahong oa liofisi, li- charger tsa EV li se li hlokahala bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki ba kajeno ba tsotellang tikoloho.
Tataisong ena, re tla fana ka tlhahlobo e tebilengli-charger tsa EV tsa khoebo, ho thusa likhoebo ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea tjhaja e fumanehang.
Mokhoa oa ho khetha: Lethathamo la Qeto ea EV ea Khoebo
Sebelisa lethathamo lena ho tsebisa khetho ea hau:
A. Sebelisa Nyeoe & Nako ea Bolulo:(mohlala, Retail Shopping - 1-2 hours -> Level 2 High Power).
B. Sebaka sa ho Paka:(mohlala, Fleet Depot -> Level 2 kapa DCFC e ipapisitse le shift).
C. Bokhoni ba Motlakase:(Na litšebeletso tse teng li tšehetsa tlhokahalo e ncha? Ena ke ntlha ea mantlha ea litšenyehelo.)
D. Networked/Non-Network:(Na o hloka ts'ebetso ea litefo kapa tlhokomelo e hole?)
Tafole ea likateng
1. Ke Libaka life tse Loketseng bakeng sa ho Kenya Seteishene sa Charge sa EV?
Katleho ea atjhaja ea EV ea khoebotlhomamiso e itšetlehile haholo ka sebaka sa eona. Ho kenya liteishene tsa ho tjhaja libakeng tse nepahetseng ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e phahameng le ROI. Likhoebo li hloka ho lekola thepa ea bona ka hloko, boitšoaro ba bareki, le mekhoa ea sephethephethe ho tseba hore na ba kenye hokaeliteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoebo.
1.1 Litereke tsa Khoebo le Litsi tsa Mabenkele
Litereke tsa khoebolelitsi tsa mabenkeleke tse ling tsa libaka tse loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng saliteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoebo. Libaka tsena tse nang le sephethe-phethe se seholo li hohela baeti ba fapaneng bao ho ka etsahalang hore ba qete nako e ngata sebakeng seo—ba ba etsa batho ba phethahetseng ba ho lefisa EV.
Beng ba li-EV ba tla thabela monyetla oa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa bona ha ba ntse ba reka, ba ja, kapa ba etsa mesebetsi e itseng.Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa khoebolibakeng tsena fa likhoebo monyetla o babatsehang oa ho ikarola ho baphadisani. Ha se feela hore li hohela bareki ba tsotellang tikoloho, empa li boetse li thusa likhoebo ho haha litsebo tsa tsona tsa ts'ebetso. Ho feta moo, liteishene tsa ho tjhaja kaho kenya lintlha tsa ho tjhaja koloi ea motlakase ea khoebolitsing tsa mabenkele li ka hlahisa chelete e eketsehileng ka mekhoa ea ho lefa-ka-sebelisa kapa merero ea litho.
1.2 Libaka tsa mosebetsi
Ka palo e ntseng e eketseha eabeng ba likoloi tsa motlakase, ho fana ka tharollo ea ho tjhaja EV holibaka tsa mosebetsike mohato oa leano bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho hohela le ho boloka talenta. Basebetsi ba khannang likoloi tsa motlakase ba tla rua molemo ka ho ba le monyetla oa holikoloi tsa motlakase tsa khoebonakong ea lihora tsa mosebetsi, ho fokotsa tlhoko ea hore ba itšetlehe ka ho lefisa ntlo.
Bakeng sa likhoebo,khoebo ea ho kenya tjhaja ea EVmosebetsing ho ka ntlafatsa haholo khotsofalo le botšepehi ba basebetsi, ha e ntse e kenya letsoho lipakaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea khoebo. Ke mokhoa oa ho nahana pele oa ho bontša basebetsi hore k'hamphani e tšehetsa phetoho ea ho hloekisa matla.
1.3 Mehaho ea Lifolete
Ha batho ba bangata ba fetohela likoloing tsa motlakase, meaho ea lifolete le matlo a malapa a mangata a tlas'a khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho fana ka tharollo ea tefiso bakeng sa baahi ba bona. Ho fapana le malapa a nang le malapa a le mong,baahi ba foletenghangata ha ba na monyetla oa ho tjhaja lapeng, ho etsali-charger tsa EV tsa khoebotšobotsi e hlokahalang mehahong ea kajeno ea bolulo.
Ho fanaho kenya lintlha tsa ho tjhaja koloi ea motlakase ea khoebomeahong ea lifolete e ka etsa hore meaho e khahle batho ba ka bang teng, haholo-holo ba nang le kapa ba rerileng ho reka koloi ea motlakase. Maemong a mang, e ka boela ea phahamisa boleng ba thepa, kaha baahi ba bangata ba tla etelletsa pele matlo a nang le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV.
1.4 Lintlha tsa Tšebeletso ea Libaka
Libaka tsa litšebeletso tsa lehae, joalo ka liteishene tsa peterole, mabenkele a bonolo, lelireschorente, ke libaka tse ntle bakeng saliteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV tsa khoebo. Hangata, libaka tsena li bona sephethephethe se phahameng, 'me beng ba likoloi tsa likoloi ba ka lefisa likoloi tsa bona ha ba ntse ba emetse mafura, lijo kapa litšebeletso tse potlakileng.
1.5 Mohloli oa Boitsebiso le Mekhoa ea Tšebeliso
Ho ea kaUS Department of Energy (DOE) Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), kakaretso ea sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea tjhaja ea Boemo ba 2 ea sechaba hangata e tlase (hoo e ka bang 5-10%), empa ena ke metric ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hakanya ROI.
Ka ho eketsaliteishene tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa khoeboLibakeng tsa lits'ebeletso tsa lehae, likhoebo li ka thusa batho ba bangata 'me tsa fapanyetsana mehloli ea bona ea chelete. Mehaho ea motheo ea ho tjhaja e ntse e ba ea bohlokoa haholo metseng, haholo-holo kaha batho ba bangata ba itšetlehile ka likoloi tsa motlakase bakeng sa maeto a malelele.
2. Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja Likoloi tsa Motlakase oa Khoebo li Khethiloe Joang?
Ha u khetha atjhaja ea EV ea khoebo, lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa li tlameha ho nahanoa ho netefatsa hore seteishene se fihlela litlhoko tsa khoebo le tsa basebelisi ba EV. Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa mefuta ea liteishene tsa ho tjhaja le likarolo tsa tsona tse fapaneng ho etsa qeto e nepahetseng.
2.1 Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa Level 1
Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa boemo ba 1ke khetho e bonolo le e theko e boima ka ho fetisisa bakeng salikoloi tsa motlakase tsa khoebo. Li-charger tsena li sebelisa motlakase o tloaelehileng oa 120V 'me hangata li lefisa EV ka lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 2-5 ka hora.Lichaja tsa boemo ba 1li loketse libaka tseo li-EV li tla pakiloeng ka nako e telele, joalo ka libaka tsa mosebetsi kapa meaho ea lifolete.
Leha ho le joaloLiteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa boemo ba 1li theko e tlaase ho kenya, li lieha ho feta likhetho tse ling, 'me li ka' na tsa se ke tsa tšoanela libaka tse nang le sephethephethe se phahameng moo beng ba EV ba hlokang litefiso tse potlakileng.
2.2 Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja Likoloi tsa Motlakase tsa Level 2
Li-charger tsa boemo ba 2ke mefuta e atileng haholo bakeng sali-charger tsa EV tsa khoebo. Ba sebetsa ka potoloho ea 240V mme ba ka lefisa koloi ea motlakase ka makhetlo a 4-6 ka potlako ho fetaLichaja tsa boemo ba 1. Atjhaja ea Level 2 EV ea khoebo, e sebetsang ho 240V, hangata e fana ka matla a tsoang ho6kW (25A) to 19.2 kW (80A). Sena se fetolela ho khakanyo15-60 lik'hilomithara tse fapaneng ka hora. Temoso ea Tekheniki:Bakeng sa lipapatso tsa khoebo,NEC Article 625(EV Power Transfer System) e tlameha ho lateloa bakeng sa litlhoko tsohle tsa wiring le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang.
Bakeng sa likhoebo tse libakeng tseo bareki ba ka lulang ho tsona nako e telele—joaloka litsi tsa mabenkele, meaho ea liofisi le lifolete—Li-charger tsa boemo ba 2ke tharollo e sebetsang le e bolokang chelete e ngata. Li-charger tsena ke khetho e ntle bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho fana ka ts'ebeletso e tšepahalang le e potlakileng ea ho tjhaja beng ba EV.
Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa 2.3 Level 3 - DC Fast Chargers
2.4 Thuto-taba ea Empirical
Moreki oa mabenkele oa Texas o kentsoe4 x 19.2kW Ditjhaja tsa Level 2. Karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa bona tsa ho kenya boema-kepe e ne e le$8,500(pele ho likhothatso). Thuto ea bohlokoa eo ba ithutileng eona: qalong ba ne ba nyenyefatsa sebaka sa ho matha, se neng se hloka ho ntlafatsa boholo ba kotopo, ho eketsa mosebetsi oa ho tereka15%.
Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa Level 3, e tsejoang hape e leLi-charger tse potlakileng tsa DC, fana ka lebelo le potlakileng la ho tjhaja, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa libaka tse nang le sephethephethe se phahameng moo bareki ba hlokang ho tjhaja kapele. Liteishene tsena li sebelisa mohloli oa matla oa 480V DC 'me li ka tjhaja EV ho isa ho 80% ka metsotso e ka bang 30.
Leha ho le joaloLichaja tsa boemo ba 3li theko e boima haholo ho li kenya le ho li hlokomela, li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ts'ehetsa maeto a malelele le ho fepa bareki ba hlokang tefiso e potlakileng. Libaka tse kang libaka tsa phomolo tsa litsela tse kholo, litereke tse phetheselang tsa khoebo, le libaka tsa lipalangoang li loketseLi-charger tse potlakileng tsa DC.
3. Lipehelo le Litheolelo tsa Seteishene sa Khoebo sa Motlakase sa Ho tjhaja Likoloi tsa Motlakase
Naheng ea US, ho na le mananeo a fapaneng le likhothaletso tse etselitsoeng ho khothaletsa ho kenyaliteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoebo. Litumellano tsena li thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse holimo tsa pele le ho nolofalletsa likhoebo ho tsetela ho meaho ea EV.
3.1 Likoloto tsa Lekhetho la Naha bakeng sa Licheja tsa Likoloi tsa Motlakase oa Khoebo
Federal Tax Credit (ITC - 30C): Ho Hlakisa Pholisi ea Hona Joale (E qala ka Pherekhong 1, 2023 - 31 Tšitoe 2032)- Likhoebo tse kenyang tjhaja tsa EV tsa khoebo li kanna tsa tšoaneleha bakeng saAlternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit (IRS Foromo 8911). Sena se fana ka ho fihlela30% ea litšenyehelo (e kenyellelitsoe ho $100,000 sebakeng se seng le se seng), ha feela tlhomelo e kopana le litlhoko tse teng tsa moputso le boithuto.
3.2 Mananeo a Foromo a Naha ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase (NEVI).
Lenaneo lena, le tsamaisoang ke Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), le abela$ 5 limilione tse liketeho bolela ho aha marang-rang a naha a DC Fast Charger haufi le liphasejeng tse khethiloeng.Likhoebo li tlameha ho etsa kopo ka ofisi ea bona ea DOT.Bakeng sa boemo ba morao-rao le litlhoko, bonasemmuso FHWA NEVI website link mona.
Ka NEVI, likhoebo li ka etsa kopo ea lichelete ho thusa ho lefella litšenyehelo tsakhoebo ea ho kenya tjhaja ea EV, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bona ho kenya letsoho ho hola ha EV ecosystem.
4. Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kenya Seteishene sa Khoebo sa Motlakase sa ho Chaja
Litsenyehelo tsa ho kenyaliteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoeboe ipapisitse le lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa mofuta oa tjhaja, sebaka, le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse teng.
4.1 Meralo ea Motheo ea Seteishene sa Ho Tjarisa Likoloi tsa Motlakase oa Khoebo
Thepa ea motheo e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kenyali-charger tsa EV tsa khoebohangata ke karolo e theko e boima ka ho fetisisa ea morero. Likhoebo li kanna tsa hloka ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa li-transformer, li-circuit breaker, le lithapo, ho amohela litlhoko tsa motlakase.Mohato 2 or Li-charger tse potlakileng tsa DC. Ho feta moo, liphanele tsa motlakase li kanna tsa hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho sebetsana le maemo a holimo a hlokahalang bakeng sa tjhaja ea khoebo.
4.2 Ho Kenya Seteishene sa ho Tjarisa Koloi ea Motlakase
Litsenyehelo tsakhoebo ea ho kenya tjhaja ea EVe kenyeletsa mosebetsi oa ho kenya lisebelisoa le lithapo life kapa life tse hlokahalang. Sena se ka fapana ho latela ho rarahana ha sebaka sa ho kenya. Ho kenya tjhaja meahong e metjha kapa meahong e nang le meaho e teng ho ka ba tlase ho feta ho lokisa meaho ya kgale.
4.3 Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja Likoloi tsa Motlakase tsa Marang-rang
Lichaja tsa marang-rang li fa likhoebo bokhoni ba ho beha leihlo tšebeliso, ho sala morao litefo, le ho hlokomela liteishene li le hole. Le hoja litsamaiso tsa marang-rang li na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho kenya, li fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa le melemo ea ts'ebetso, e leng se etsang hore e be letsete la bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho fana ka phihlelo ea ho tjhaja e se nang moeli ho bareki.
4.4 Tlhokomelo ea Bohlokoa: Taolo ea Mojaro le Litefiso tsa Litlhoko
Bakeng sa libaka tsa khoebo, ho ntlafatsa phanele feela ha hoa lekana. Load Management Systems e bohlokoa ho aba matla ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho qoba Litefiso tse theko e phahameng tsa Demand ho tsoa k'hamphaning ea ts'ebeliso, haholo bakeng sa lihlopha tsa Level 2 kapa DCFC. Mohato ona oa moralo o hloka moenjiniere oa motlakase ea nang le lengolo la tumello ho etsa Palo ea Load (ka NEC) pele mosebetsi ofe kapa ofe oa 'mele o qala.
4.5 Mohlala o Nolofalitsoeng oa Litšenyehelo tsa EV ea Litšenyehelo (Ka Khakanyo ea Boema-kepe, Khothaletso ea Pele)
| Ntho | Mohato 2 (Boema-kepe bo le Mong) | DCFC (50kW) |
|---|---|---|
| Thepa ea Thepa | $2,000 - $6,000 | $25,000 - $40,000 |
| Ntlafatso ea Motlakase/Mohaho (Trenching, Conduits, Main Panel) | $3,000 - $10,000 | $40,000 - $100,000 |
| Mosebetsi oa ho kenya | $1,500 - $4,000 | $10,000 - $25,000 |
| Kakaretso ea Litšenyehelo (Range) | $6,500 - $20,000 | $75,000 - $165,000 |
Tlhokomeliso: Litšenyehelo tsa lits'ebetso li fapana haholo ho latela sebaka sa khokahanyo ea lisebelisoa.
5. Liteishene tsa Phatlalatso tsa Likoloi tsa Motlakase tsa Khoebo ea Sechaba
Ho kenya le ho hlokomelaliteishene tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase tsa khoeboe hloka lintlha tse khethehileng ho netefatsa hore liteishene li lula li sebetsa ebile li fumaneha ho beng bohle ba li-EV.
5.1 Tšebelisano ea Sehokelo sa Seteishene sa Ho Tjarisa Koloi ea Motlakase oa Khoebo
Lichaja tsa EV tsa khoebosebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea likhokahanyo, ho kenyeletsoaSAE J1772bakeng saLi-charger tsa boemo ba 2, leCHAdeMO or CCSlikhokahanyo bakeng saLi-charger tse potlakileng tsa DC. Ho bohlokoa hore likhoebo li kenyeliteishene tsa khoebo tsa motlakase tsa khoebotse tsamaellanang le likhokahanyo tse sebelisoang haholo ke li-EV sebakeng sa bona.
5.2 Tlhokomelo ea Liteishene tsa Ho Tlisa Likoloi tsa Motlakase oa Khoebo
Tlhokomelo ea kamehla e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa seoliteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV tsa khoebolula e sebetsa ebile e ka tšeptjoa. Sena se kenyelletsa lintlafatso tsa software, tlhahlobo ea hardware, le mathata a ho rarolla mathata joalo ka ho khaoha ha motlakase kapa mathata a khokahano. Likhoebo tse ngata li khetha likonteraka tsa litšebeletso ho netefatsa hore lili-charger tsa EV tsa khoeboli bolokiloe hantle 'me li tsoela pele ho fana ka litšebeletso tse tšepahalang ho bareki.
Ha likoloi tsa motlakase li ntse li tsoela pele ho tsebahala, tlhokahalo ealiteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV tsa khoeboe lebelletsoe feela ho phahama. Ka ho khetha ka hloko sebaka se nepahetseng, mofuta oa tjhaja le balekane ba ho kenya, likhoebo li ka rua molemo tlhokahalong e ntseng e hola ea meaho ea EV. Litšusumetso tse kang likoloto tsa lekhetho la federal le lenaneo la NEVI li etsa phetoho ea holi-charger tsa EV tsa khoebotheko e tlase, ha tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele e tiisa hore letsete la hau le lula le sebetsa lilemo tse tlang.
Hore na o batla ho instolaboemo ba khoebo 2 EV chargermosebetsing kapa marangrang aLi-charger tse potlakileng tsa DCsetsing sa mabenkele, ho tsetela holiteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa EV tsa khoeboke khetho e bohlale bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho lula pele ho mothinya. Ka tsebo e nepahetseng le moralo, o ka etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja tse sa finyelleng litlhoko tsa kajeno feela empa hape li lokiselitsoe phetoho ea EV ea hosane.
Nako ea poso: Dec-03-2024