Tlhahlobo le pono ea 'maraka oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase le EV Charger Amerika

Tlhahlobo le pono ea 'maraka oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase le EV Charger Amerika
Le hoja seoa sena se amme liindasteri tse 'maloa, lekala la likoloi tsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase e bile mokhelo. Le 'maraka oa Amerika, oo e neng e se sebapali se hlahelletseng lefatšeng ka bophara, o qala ho phahama.
Polelong ea 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US ka 2023, blog ea theknoloji ea US Techcrunch e boletse hore Molao oa Phokotso ea Inflation (IRA), o fetisitsoeng ke mmuso oa Amerika ka Phato, o se o bile le tšusumetso e kholo indastering ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ka baetsi ba likoloi ba sebetsang ho falla. diketane tsa bona tsa phepelo le difeme ho ya United States.
Hase feela Tesla le GM, empa le lik'hamphani tse kang Ford, Nissan, Rivian le Volkswagen, li tla rua molemo.
Ka 2022, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase naheng ea Amerika e ne e laoloa ke mefuta e 'maloa, joalo ka Tesla's Model S, Model Y le Model 3, Chevrolet's Bolt le Ford's Mustang Mach-E. 2023 e tla bona mefuta e mecha le ho feta e tsoa ha lifeme tse ncha li ntse li eketseha, 'me li tla ba theko e tlase.
McKinsey o bolela esale pele hore baetsi ba likoloi ba setso le ba qalang ba EV ba tla hlahisa mefuta e mecha e ka bang 400 ka 2023.
Ho feta moo, molemong oa ho ts'ehetsa kaho ea meaho ea qubu ea ho tjhaja, US e phatlalalitse hore e tla rera moralo oa lichelete oa $ 7.5 bilione ka 2022 ho aha liteishene tsa ho tjhaja sechaba tse 500,000. Mokhatlo o sa etseng phaello oa ICCT o hakanya hore ka 2030, tlhoko ea seteishene sa ho tjhaja sechaba United States e tla feta 1 milione.
Mmaraka o ntseng o hola oa likoloi tsa motlakase
Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa likoloi tsa motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa koloi ea Hybrid Electric (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric car (PHEV) le Battery Electric car (BEV), e ntse e tsoela pele ho phahama tikolohong e thata ea seoa sa COVID-19.
Ho latela phuputso ea McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021), leha ho bile le phokotseho e akaretsang ea thekiso ea likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara, 2020 e ne e le selemo se seholo bakeng sa thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase, mme kotara ea boraro ea selemo seo, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara e ile ea feta. boemo ba pele ho COVID-19.
Haholo-holo, thekiso ea Europe le Chaena e eketsehile ka 60% le 80% ka ho latellana kotareng ea bone ho feta kotara e fetileng, e leng ho sutumelletsang sekhahla sa lefats'e sa ho kenella ha likoloi tsa motlakase ho rekoto e holimo ea 6%. Ha US e ntse e salletse morao ho libaka tse ling tse peli, thekiso ea EV e ile ea hola ka hoo e ka bang 200% lipakeng tsa Q2 2020 le Q2 2021, e leng se tlatselitseng ho fihlela sekhahla sa ho kenella ka lapeng sa 3.6% nakong ea seoa (bona setšoantšo sa 1).

Setšoantšo sa 1 - Mohloli: Thuto ea McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021)
Leha ho le joalo, ho shebisisa kabo ea libaka tsa ngoliso ea EV ho pholletsa le US ho senola hore kholo ea ho amoheloa ha EV ha e e-s'o hlahe ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le libaka tsohle; e amana haufi-ufi le bongata ba baahi le ho ata libakeng tsa litoropo 'me e fapana ho ea ka linaha, 'me linaha tse ling li na le palo e phahameng ea ngoliso ea EV le litekanyetso tsa ho adoptha (Setšoantšo sa 2).

E 'ngoe ea kantle ho naha e ntse e le California. Ho latela Setsi sa Boitsebiso sa Alternative Fuels Data Center sa US Department of Energy, ngoliso ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse bobebe tsa California e nyolohetse ho 425,300 ka 2020, e emelang hoo e ka bang 42% ea ngoliso ea likoloi tsa naha tsa motlakase. Ke makhetlo a fetang a supileng sekhahla sa ngoliso Florida, e nang le palo ea bobeli e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse ngolisitsoeng.
Likampo tse peli tse 'marakeng oa liteishene tsa litefiso tsa US
Ntle le China le Europe, United States ke 'maraka oa boraro o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ho tjhaja likoloi lefatšeng. Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa IEA, ho tloha ka 2021, ho na le likoloi tse ncha tse limilione tse 2 United States, tjhaja ea likoloi tsa sechaba tse 114,000 (liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse 36,000), le palo ea likoloi tsa sechaba ea 17: 1, e tjhajang butle ka AC e ka bang 81. %, e tlase hanyane ho feta 'maraka oa Europe.
US ev charger e arotsoe ka mofuta oa AC ho tjhaja butle (ho kenyeletsoa L1 - ho tjhaja hora e le 1 ho khanna limaele tse 2-5 le L2 - ho tjhaja hora e le 'ngoe ho khanna lik'hilomithara tse 10-20), le DC ho tjhaja kapele (ho tjhaja hora e le 1 ho khanna limaele tse 60. kapa ho feta). Hajoale, AC e liehang ho tjhaja L2 e etsa karolo ea 80%, 'me opareitara e kholo ea ChargePoint e kenya letsoho 51.5% ea karolo ea mmaraka, ha DC e tjhaja ka potlako e etsa 19%, e etelletsoeng pele ke Tesla ka karolo ea 58%.

Mohloli: Hua 'an Securities
Ho latela tlaleho ea Grand View Research, boholo ba mmaraka oa mebaraka ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US e ne e le $ 2.85 bilione ka 2021 mme e lebelletsoe ho hola ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo (CAGR) ea 36.9% ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2030.
Tse latelang ke lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa US tse tjhafisang likoloi tsa motlakase.
Tesla
Moetsi oa likoloi tsa motlakase Tesla ke oa hae ebile o sebelisa marang-rang a hae a Supercharger. Khamphani e na le liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse 1,604 le li-supercharger tse 14,081 lefatšeng ka bophara, tse fumanehang libakeng tsa sechaba le mabenkeleng a Tesla. Botho ha bo hlokehe, empa bo lekanyelitsoe ho likoloi tsa Tesla tse nang le lihokelo tsa thepa. Tesla e ka sebelisa li-charger tsa SAE ka li-adapter.
Litsenyehelo li fapana ho ea ka sebaka le lintlha tse ling, empa hangata ke $0.28 kWh. Haeba litšenyehelo li ipapisitse le nako e sebelisitsoeng, ke lisente tse 13 ka motsotso ka tlase ho 60 kWh le lisente tse 26 ka motsotso ho feta 60 kWh.
Marang-rang a ho tjhaja a Tesla hangata a na le li-supercharger tse fetang 20,000 (li-charger tse potlakileng). Le ha marang-rang a mang a tjhajang a na le motsoako oa Level 1 (ho feta lihora tse 8 ho fihlela tefiso e felletseng), Level 2 (ho feta lihora tse 4 ho fihlela tefo e felletseng) le li-charger tse potlakileng tsa Level 3 (hoo e ka bang hora e le 'ngoe ho fihlela tefo e felletseng), meaho ea motheo ea Tesla e etselitsoe ho lumella beng. ho kena tseleng kapele ka tefello e kgutshwane.
Liteishene tsohle tsa Supercharger li bonts'oa 'mapeng o sebetsanang le sistimi ea ho tsamaea ea Tesla. Basebelisi ba ka bona liteishene tseleng, hammoho le lebelo la ho tjhaja le ho fumaneha ha tsona. Marang-rang a Supercharger a lumella beng ba Tesla ho fumana phihlelo e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho tsamaea ntle le ho itšetleha ka liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tsa motho oa boraro.
panya
Marangrang a Blink ke a Car Charging Group, Inc, e sebetsang ka 3,275 Level 2 le Level 3 tjhaja tsa setjhaba United States. Mohlala oa ts'ebeletso ke hore ha ho hlokahale hore u be setho ho sebelisa tjhaja ea Blink, empa u ka boloka chelete e itseng haeba u kenela.
Litsenyehelo tsa motheo bakeng sa ho tjhaja ha Level 2 ke $0.39 ho $0.79 KWH, kapa $0.04 ho $0.06 ka motsotso. Boemo ba 3 ba ho tjhaja ka potlako ho bitsa $0.49 ho isa ho $0.69 KWH, kapa $6.99 ho isa ho $9.99 ka tefiso.
ChargePoint
E thehiloe California, ChargePoint ke netweke e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tjhajang US e nang le lintlha tse fetang 68,000 tsa ho tjhaja, tseo tse 1,500 tsa tsona e leng lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja tsa Level 3 DC. Ke karolo e nyane feela ea liteishene tse tjhajang tsa ChargePoint e leng Level 3 DC Fast Charger.
Sena se bolela hore liteishene tse ngata tsa ho tjhaja li etselitsoe ho tjhaja butle nakong ea letsatsi la mosebetsi libakeng tsa khoebo ho sebelisoa lichaja tsa Level I le Level II. Ena ke leano le phethahetseng la ho eketsa boiketlo ba bareki bakeng sa maeto a EV, empa marang-rang a bona a na le mefokolo e kholo bakeng sa maeto a mahareng le a nako e telele, e leng se etsang hore ho se be monyetla oa hore beng ba EV ba itšetlehe ka ChargePoint ka botlalo.
Electrify America
Electrify America, e leng ea moetsi oa likoloi Volkswagen, e rera ho kenya liteishene tse tjhajang ka potlako tse 480 libakeng tsa litoropo tse 17 liprofinseng tse 42 mafelong a selemo, 'me seteishene se seng le se seng se le bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 70 ho tloha ho se seng. Botho ha bo hlokehe, empa litheolelo li teng bakeng sa ho kenela lenaneo la Pass+ la k'hamphani. Litšenyehelo tsa ho lefisa li baloa ka motsotso o mong le o mong, ho itšetlehile ka sebaka le boholo bo amohelehang ba matla a koloi bakeng sa koloi.
Ka mohlala, California, litšenyehelo tsa motheo ke $ 0.99 ka motsotso bakeng sa matla a 350 kW, $ 0.69 bakeng sa 125 kW, $ 0.25 bakeng sa 75 kW, le $ 1.00 ka tefiso. Tefiso ea khoeli le khoeli bakeng sa morero oa Pass+ ke $4.00, le $0.70 ka motsotso bakeng sa 350 kW, $0.50 ka motsotso bakeng sa 125 kW, le $0.18 ka motsotso bakeng sa 75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo, e thehiloeng Tennessee 'me e boloka li-charger tse potlakileng tsa DC tse fetang 1,200 liprofinseng tse 34. Litefiso tsa ho tjhaja kapele li fapana ho ea ka libaka. Ka mohlala, sebakeng sa Los Angeles sa California, ho bitsa $0.27 ka motsotso bakeng sa bao e seng litho le $0.23 ka motsotso bakeng sa litho. Ho ingolisa ho hloka tefo ea khoeli le khoeli ea $7.99, empa ho kenyelletsa metsotso e 34 ea ho tjhaja kapele. Leha ho le joalo, Level 2 e lefella $1.50 ka hora. Hape hlokomela hore EVgo e na le tumellano le Tesla bakeng sa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako tsa EVgo hore li fumanehe ho beng ba Tesla.
Volta
Volta, k'hamphani e thehiloeng San Francisco e sebelisang liteishene tsa ho tjhaja tse fetang 700 literekeng tse 10, se totobalang ke hore ho tjhaja lisebelisoa tsa Volta ke mahala ebile ha ho hlokahale ho ba setho. Volta e tšehelitse ka lichelete ho kengoa ha litsi tsa ho tjhaja tsa Level 2 haufi le barekisi ba kang Whole Foods, Macy's le Saks. Ha khamphani e ntse e lefella sekoloto sa motlakase, e etsa chelete ka ho rekisa lipapatso tse tšehelitsoeng tse bonts'itsoeng ho li-monitor tse kentsoeng litsing tsa ho tjhaja. Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba Volta ke khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako Level 3.